Short Answer Type Questions
(3 Marks Each)
1. Why did Gandhiji start Non-Cooperation Movement? Explain. [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]
Ans.
(i) Against Rowlatt Act
(ii) Jallianwala Bagh incidence
(iii) Khilafat Andolan
2. Describe the role of Alluri Sitarama Raju in Andhra Pradesh during 1920s. [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]
Ans. Role of Alluri Sitarama Raju in the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh.
(i) Alluri Sitarama Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers like making astrological predictions, healing people and surviving bullet shots.
(ii) The Rebels proclaimed him as an Incarnation of God.
(iii) Raju was inspired by Gandhiji’s Non-Cooperation Movement.
(iv) He persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking.
(v) But at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not
non-violence.
(vi) He used Guerrilla warfare for achieving Swaraj.
(To be assessed as whole) [½ × 6 = 3]
3. Describe the incident of Jallianwala Bagh
Massacre. [CBSE SQP, 2020-21]
Ans.
(i) The Rowlatt Act was effective from 10th March, 1919. In Punjab, the protest movement was vast and strong.
(ii) On 10th April, two renowned leaders of the Congress, Dr. Satya Pal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew were arrested and were taken to an unknown place.
(iii) A public meeting was held on 13th April at Jallianwala Bagh in a small park enclosed by buildings on all sides to protest against the arrest.
(iv) General Dyer with his British troops entered the park, closed the entrance of the park and commanded his army to fire on the gathered people without any warning.
(v) The firing lasted for ten minutes and sixtee hundred rounds were fired killing about hundreds people and more than two thousand people were left wounded and unattended. (Any three) (1 × 3 = 3)
4. Describe the implications of First World War on the economic and political situation of India. [OD Set–I, 2020]
Ans. (i) The war created a new economic and political situation.
(ii) It led to huge increase in defence expenditure which was financed by war loans.
(iii) To fulfil the loan demands taxes were increased, custom duties were raised. Not only this, a new tax in the form of income tax was also introduced.
(iv) Prices increased, doubling between 1913 and 1918. This hit the common people.
(v) Villagers were asked to supply soldiers and through force recruitment in rural areas.
(vi) During 1918-19, crops failed in many parts of India which created shortage of food.
(vii) Spread of influenza epidemic and death of 12 to 13 million people. (Any three points) (1×3=3)
5. Analyse any three reasons for slow down of Non-Cooperation Movement in cities. (Delhi Set-II, 2017)
Ans. Reasons for slowing down of Non-Cooperation
Movement:
(i) The Indians could not boycott for a long time because, Khadi cloth was more expensive than mass produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it.
(ii) The Boycott of British institutions posed a problem as alternative Indian institutions had to be set up so that they could be used in place of British ones.
(iii) Students and teachers began trickling back to government schools and lawyers joined back work in government courts in the absence of alternate Indian Institutions.
Detailed Answer:
The Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slowed
down in the cities because:
(i) Khadi clothes were more expensive than Mill clothes.
(ii) Poor people could not afford to buy it.
(iii) The Boycott of British institutions posed a problem.
(iv) Students and teachers began trickling back to Government Schools.
(v) Lawyers joined back work in Government Courts.
6. Explain any three effects of the ‘Non-Cooperation Movement’ on the economic front. (Delhi Set-III, 2017)
Ans. Effects of the ‘Non-Cooperation Movement’:
(i) Foreign goods were boycotted.
(ii) Liquor shops picketed and foreign cloth burnt in huge.
(iii) Import of Foreign cloth halved.
(iv) In many places Merchants and Traders refused to trade in Foreign goods or finance foreign trade.
Any other relevant point.
(Any three) (3 × 1= 3)
7. Discuss the various stages of the Non-Cooperation
Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi. [CBSE SQP, 2016]
Ans. Gandhiji proposed that the movement should
unfold in stages:
1st Stage–Surrender of titles that the government awarded.
2nd Stage–Boycott of Civil Services, Army, Police, Courts and Legislative, Councils, Schools and Foreign Goods.
3rd Stage–Then, in case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign
would be launched.
8. How could Non-Cooperation become a Movement? Give your opinion. [Board Term-II, 2015]
Ans. Non-Cooperation became a Movement as:
(i) It was the view of Gandhiji that the British Rule
was set in India with the cooperation of Indians.
(ii) If Indians refused cooperation, British rule in India would collapse within a year and Swaraj
would come.
(iii) Gandhiji proposed that the Movement should unfold in stages.
(iv) In case the Government used repression, a full Civil Disobedience Campaign would be launched.
(v) Mahatma Gandhi and Shaukat Ali toured extensively, mobilising popular support of the Movement.
(vi) It should begin with surrender of titles that government awarded and a boycott of civil services, police, courts and legislative councils, schools and foreign goods. (Any three) (1 × 3 = 3)
9. “British rule in India would have collapsed if Indians
had not cooperated.” How did this statement help
in starting a Mass Movement in India against the
British Rule? HOTS [Board Term-II, 2015]
Ans. (i) Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians and if Indians had refused to cooperate, British rule in India would have collapsed within a year.
(ii) He proposed that the movement should unfold in stages.
(iii) It should begin with the surrendering of titles that the government had awarded to the Indians.
(iv) A boycott of Civil Services, Army, Police, Courts and Legislative Assemblies, Schools and Foreign Goods would show their non-cooperation to the
British Empire.
(v) Mahatma Gandhi felt that in case the government used repression, a full Civil Disobedience campaign would be launched.
(Any three) (1 × 3 = 3)
10. Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw the ‘Non-
Cooperation Movement’ in February 1922?
Explain any three reasons. [CBSE OD Set, II, 2017]
Non-Cooperation Movement? Explain. [Board Term-II, 2016]
Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922?
Explain the reasons. [Board Term-II, Foreign Set-II, 2015]
Ans. Withdrawal of Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922:
(i) Gandhiji felt the movement was turning violent in many places.
(ii) A clash took place at Chauri Chaura in Uttar
Pradesh.
(iii) A group of volunteers picketing a liquor shop
were beaten up by a Police Officer.
(iv) In protest a group of Peasants went to the Police
Station, bolted the door and set fire to the Police
Station killing 22 Policemen.
(v) The incident shocked Gandhiji and he
immediately withdrew the Movement.
(Any three) (1 × 3 = 3)
11. “The Plantation Workers in Assam had their own
understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion
of Swaraj”. Support the statement with arguments.
HOTS [Board Term–II, OD Set-I, II, III, 2016]
Ans. “The Plantation Workers in Assam had their
own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and
the notion of Swaraj” as:
(i) For Plantation Workers in Assam, Freedom
meant the right to move freely in and out of the
confined space in which they were enclosed.
(ii) Swaraj meant retaining a link to the village from
which they had come.
(iii) Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to leave
the Tea gardens without permission.
(iv) When they heard of the Non-Cooperation
Movement, thousands of workers defied the
authorities, left the plantations and headed
home.
(v) They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and
everyone would be given land in their own
village.
(Any three) (1 × 3 = 3)
12. Describe any three major problems faced by the
Peasants of Awadh in the days of Non-Cooperation
Movement. R U [Board Term-II, OD Set-III, 2015]
Ans. Problems faced by the Peasants of Awadh in the
days of Non-Cooperation Movement were:
(i) Talukdars and Landlords posed high rent on
land and variety of cesses.
(ii) Various taxes were also implemented on them.
(iii) Peasants had to do begar and work at Landlord’s
farm without any payment.
(iv) They had no security of tenure and were evicted
regularly.
(v) They had no right over leased land. (Any three) (1 × 3 = 3)
13. Describe the spread of Non-Cooperation
Movement in the countryside.
RA [Board Term-II, OD Set-II, 2015]
Ans. Non-Cooperation Movement spread in the
countryside:
(i) In Awadh, Peasants were led by Baba
Ramchandra. Here the Movement was against
Talukdars and Landlords who demanded from
Peasants exorbitantly high rents and a variety of
other cesses.
(ii) Peasants had to do begar and work at Landlords'
farms without any payments. As tenants, they had no security of tenure and
were regularly evicted so that they have no right
over the leased land.
(iii) The peasant movement demanded reduction of
revenue, abolition of Begar and social boycott of
oppressive Landlords.
In the meantime, Jawaharlal Nehru began going
around the villages in Awadh.
(iv) The Awadh Kisan Sabha was set up in the villages.
The Peasant Movement, however, developed
in forms that the Congress leadership was
unhappy with.
(v) As the Movement spread, the Houses of
Talukdars and Merchants were attacked Bazaars
were looted and grain hoards were taken over.
(Any three) (1 × 3 = 3)
14. Describe the role of Poor Peasantry in the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement.’ (OD Set I, 2020)
Ans. The Peasants joined the Civil Disobedience
Movement (1930-34) because the poor peasantry was not just interested in the lowering of the revenue but also remission of rent as many had rented land and had been unable to pay the rent during the years of depression and decreasing cash incomes. When the movement was called off in 1931, without the revenue rates being revised, the Farmers were highly disappointed. In some parts of the country, they launched ‘no rent’ campaign which was not supported by the congress because this might upset the rich peasant and the landlords. Many of them refused to participate when the movement was re-launched in 1932. These poor peasants joined a variety of radical movements, often led by Socialists and Communists.
15. Evaluate the role of Business Classes in the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’. (OD Set-II, 2017)
Ans. Role of Business classes in 'Civil Disobedience
Movement':
(i) The Business class reached against policies that
restricted business activities.
(ii) They wanted protection against Imports of
Foreign goods and a Rupee-Sterling Foreign
exchange ratio that would discourage imports.
(iii) In order to organise business interest, they
formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial
Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the
Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries
(FICCI) in 1927.
(iv) They gave financial assistance for the Movement.
(v) They refused to Buy and Sell Imported goods.
(1×3=3)
(Any three points to be explained.)
16. “The Civil Disobedience Movement was different
from the Non-Cooperation Movement.” Support
the statement with examples. HOTS [Board Term–II, Delhi Set-I, II, III, 2016]
different from the Non-Cooperation Movement?
State any three points of difference.
Ans. The Civil Disobedience Movement was different
from the Non-Cooperation Movement in the
following ways:
Non-Cooperation Movement:
(i) The people were asked not to co-operate with
the government.
(ii) Foreign goods were boycotted.
(iii) Liquor shops were picketed.
(iv) Foreign clothes were burnt in heap.
(v) In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in Foreign goods or Finance Foreign Traders.
(vi) Students left the Government - owned schools
and colleges.
(vii) Lawyers gave up legal practices.
Civil Disobedience Movement:
(i) People were asked to break Colonial Laws.
(ii) The Countrymen broke the Salt Law.
(iii) Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari tax.
(iv) Village officials resigned from their jobs.
(v) Forest people violated Forest Rules and Laws.
(Any three points of difference to be mentioned)
(1½ + 1½ = 3)
17. Simon Commission was greeted with the slogan ‘Go back Simon’ at arrival in India. Support this reaction of Indians with arguments. [Board Term–II, Foreign Set–I, II, III, 2016]
Ans. Simon Commission:
(i) The new government in Britain constituted a
Statutory Commission under Sir John Simon.
(ii) It was set up in response to the Nationalist
Movement.
(iii) The Commission was to look into the
functioning of the Constitutional System in
India and suggest changes.
(iv) The problem was that the Commission didn‘t
have a single Indian Member.
(v) When the Simon Commission arrived in India
in 1928, it was greeted with the slogan ‘Go back,
Simon’.
(vi) All parties, including the Congress and
the Muslim League, participated in the
demonstrations.
(Any three) (1 × 3 = 3)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
18. Explain in brief the ‘Dandi March’.
R [Board Term–II, 2016]
Ans. (i) Mahatma Gandhi started his famous ‘Salt
March’ or ‘Dandi March’ on 11th March, 1930
accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers.
(ii) The March was to cover 240 miles from
Gandhi’s Ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati
Coastal town of Dandi.
(iii) On 6th April, 1930, he reached Dandi and
ceremonially violated the law by manufacturing
salt by boiling sea water.
(iv) This marked the beginning of Civil Disobedience
Movement. (Any three) (1 × 3 = 3)
19. What were Mahatma Gandhi‘s views on women‘s participation in the National Movements? [Board Term–II, 2016]
Ans. (i) According to Gandhiji, the Woman is the
companion of man and gifted with equal rights
of freedom and liberty.
(ii) The Woman is more fit than a man to take
exploration and bolder action in non-violence.
(iii) The Woman is the better half of humanity, not
the weaker sex. (1 × 3 = 3)
Q 20. Describe the main features of ‘Poona Pact‘. [Board Term-II, OD Set-I 2015]
Ans. The main features of ‘Poona Pact’ were:
(i) The Poona Pact (September 1932) gave
Depressed Classes (later to be known as
Scheduled Caste) reserved seats in Provincial
and Central Legislative Councils.
(ii) They were to be voted in by the general
electorate.
(iii) The Act came into force due to Gandhiji’s fast
unto death.
(iv) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar ultimately accepted
Gandhiji’s stand. (Any three) (1 × 3 = 3)
21. How did Women participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain.
[Board Term-II, Foreign Set-III, 2015]
Ans. Participation of Women in the Civil
Disobedience Movement:
(i) Women in large number participated in the
Civil Disobedience Movement.
(ii) During Salt March thousands of women came
out of their homes to listen to Gandhiji.
(iii) They participated in Protest Marches and
manufactured salt.
(iv) They picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops.
(v) Many went to jail.
(vi) They began to see service to the nation as a
sacred duty of women. (Any three) (1 × 3 = 3)
22. “The Congress was reluctant to include the
demands of Industrial Workers in its programme
of struggle.“ Analyse the reasons.
RU [Board Term-II, Delhi Set-I, 2015]
Ans. The Congress was reluctant to include
the demands of industrial workers in its
programme of struggle because:
(i) The industrialists came closer to the Congress,
but the workers stayed aloof.
(ii) Congress felt this would alienate industrialists.
(iii) It would divide its Anti-Imperial forces.
(iv) Civil Disobedience Movement would be
weakened. (Any three) (1 × 3 = 3)
23. Evaluate the contribution of folklore, songs,
popular symbols, etc., in shaping Nationalism
during the freedom struggle. [Delhi Set-I, 2017]
Ans. Role of folklore:
(i) History and fiction, folklore and songs, popular
prints and symbols, all played a part in the
making of Nationalism.
(ii) The identity of India came to be visually
associated with the image of Bharat Mata.
(iii) In the 1870s Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
wrote ’Vande Mataram’ as a hymn to the
motherland.
(iv) The idea of Nationalism also developed through
a movement to revive Indian folklore.
(Any three) (3 × 1= 3)
Detailed Answer:
In India, the feeling of nationalism is associated
with the anti-colonial movement. In the process
of their struggle against the colonial yoke, people began to discover their own identity of belonging to one nation. Various folk tales, songs, symbols like national/tricolor flag gave a sense of identity to the people. It gave a true picture of India’s culture which was so rich and uncorrupted. They served to produce a sense of achievement and to glorify India’s past. They boosted Indians’ self-confidence who then
strongly waged a war against the Colonial Rule.
(i) National song like Vande Mataram instilled a sense of belongingness uniting people from different languages. Identity of India came to be associated with Bharat Mata which was depicted as composed, divine and spiritual.
(ii) Folk tales, songs, hymns were used by our national leaders to give a sense of pride in our culture.
(iii) Likewise, khadi, charkha used by Mahatma Gandhi became symbols of agitation and resistance.
(iv) Folk tales, songs, literature used by nationalists gave a true picture of India’s culture which was so
rich and uncorrupted
(v) In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting ballads, nursery rhymes and myths.
(vi) In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massive fourvolume collection of Tamil folk tales, ‘The Folklore of Southern India’ which he believed was the national literature.
24. Who had designed the ‘Swaraj Flag’ in 1921?
Explain the main features of this ‘Swaraj Flag’.
[Board Term–II, Delhi Set–I, II, III, 2016]
its special features. [Board Term–II, 2016]
Ans.
(i) In 1921, Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj flag.
(ii) It was a tricolour (red, green and white) flag and
had a spinning wheel in the centre representing
the Gandhian ideal of self-help.
(iii) Carrying the flag, holding it aloft, during
Marches became a symbol of defiance.
(1 × 3 = 3)
25. What type of flag was designed during the
‘Swadeshi Movement’ in Bengal? Explain its
main features. R [Board Term–II, OD
Set-I, II, III, 2016]
Ans. During the “Swadeshi Movement” in Bengal the
flag designed was a Tricolour Flag.
The two features of the flag were:
(i) The colour of the flag was Red, Green and Yellow.
(ii) It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces
in British India.
(iii) It had a crescent moon representing Hindus and
Muslims. (Any two) (1 + 2 = 3)
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