Today in this post providing you all the important concepts and key Points of Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and it's Compund Focusing on Term 2 Exam.
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Key Points and Important Terms
1.Carbon is a non-metal
2. It belongs to 14th group of periodic table.
3.Other elements of the group are silicon, germanium, tin and lead
4.Tin and lead are metals.
5. Atomic number of carbon is 6
6.Its electronic configuration is 2, 4
7. Valency of carbon is 4.
8.Valence electrons of carbon is also 4.
9.Stable isotope of carbon is carbon 12.
10.There are 6 protons and 6 neutrons in it.
11.Carbon-14 is another isotope of carbon which has 6 protons and 8 neutrons in its nucleus.
12.Carbon 14 is used to determine the age of fossils (Carbon dating)
13.Carbon exists in different physical forms (Allotropes).
14.Main allotropes of carbon are diamond, Graphite, carbon black and fullerenes.
15.Chemical property of elements depends on valence electrons.
16.Carbon forms covalent compounds with other elements.
17.Due to small size and the 4 valence electrons carbon exhibits self-linking property(catenation).
18.Catenation helps carbon to form long chains and also cyclic compounds.
19.Hydrocarbons are compounds that contains carbon and hydrogen. They are of petroleum origin. Derivatives of hydrocarbon may contain other elements also.
20.Petroleum is a fossil fuel. Various components of petroleum are separated by the processo f fractional distillation. It is done in petroleum refineries.
21.Hydrocarbons are classified into aliphatic saturated, unsaturated hydrocarbons (open chain or closed chain).
22.If all the carbon bonds are satisfied by single covalent bonds, they are said to be saturated.
23.In saturated hydrocarbons no more atoms can be ADDED.
24.If at least one carbon-carbon bond in a hydrocarbon is satisfied by double or triple bonds,t hey are said to be unsaturated hydrocarbons.
25.Saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbons are called alkanes. They can be expressed by a general formula CnH2n+2
26.Unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbons with at least one carbon double bond are called Alkenes. They can be expressed by a general formula CnH2n
27.Unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbons with at least one carbon triple bond are called Alkynes. They can be expressed by a general formula CnH2n-2
28.If a hydrocarbon is cyclic, and if it contains carbon-carbon single bond only, it is a cyclics aturated hydrocarbon. If the ring has double or triple bonds, they are unsaturated cyclich ydrocarbons.
29.To form a ring at least three carbon atoms are required.
30.Series of hydrocarbons in which the consecutive members differ by an atomic mass of 14u is called homologous series.
31.Members of a given homologous series are referred as homologues.
32.Homologues of a particular series exhibit gradation in physical properties and similaritiesi n chemical properties. They may have a common method of preparation. A given homologous series can be denoted by a general formula and adjacent members differ by CH233.Examples of homologous series: Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Alcohols, Aldehydes and carboxylic acids.
34.General formula of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are CnH2n+2, CnH2n, CnH2n-2 respectively. 35.Cyclo alkanes have the general formula of CnH2n
36.Cyclic compounds are again classified into aromatic hydrocarbons. Benzene with molecular formula C6H6 is an aromatic compound. It has alternative single and double bonds in the carbon ring.
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